It was during this last period of her reign that Victoria`s influence helped bring peace and stability to Europe and the British Empire. It encouraged ministers not to intervene in the Second Schleswig War of 1864 between Prussia, Austria and Denmark. A letter to German Emperor Wilhelm I also helped avert a Second German-French War in 1875. But what really boosted the Queen`s popularity was the imperial atmosphere. Victoria had an overprotective and unhappy childhood. His mother, the Duchess of Kent, and his adviser Sir John Conroy adhered to the «Kensington System», a set of strict rules named after his home at Kensington Palace. When Victoria became queen after the death of William IV in 1837, she enjoyed independence. Britain was already a constitutional monarchy in which it had little power but considerable influence – which it did not refrain from. 1855 Abolition of stamp duty on newspapers. In June, the last remaining penny of the tax on British newspapers was cancelled and in September, the Daily Telegraph appeared at a price of 1d. For the British worker, the paper became what the reformers predicted in the 1830s: «the lightest, most ordinary, most important vehicle of knowledge.» Irish Land Act 1881.
It was another law passed by Gladstone that gave Ireland what Irish tenants had been demanding for many years: the so-called «3 Fs» – fair rents, fixed property and free selling. The law also provided for the establishment of regional courts to decide on a «reasonable rent». Unfortunately, the Land League did everything it could to prevent the law from working, and evictions and violence in Ireland continued. (Mundella`s) Education Act. Thus, primary school attendance is compulsory for all children between the ages of 5 and 10. Parents had to pay «school cents» – about 3d. per child per week. Often, poor parents could not afford to pay this amount of money. Queen Elizabeth II opens a session of the Canadian Parliament in Ontario with Prince Philip at her side.
Britain`s reigning monarch is also Canada`s head of state, a governmental structure that dates back to when the region was under British rule, and the Queen visited Canada more than any other country during her reign. When William IV became king in June 1830, he had no legitimate children who could inherit the throne after his death. At the age of 64, he was the oldest person to ascend the British, English, Scottish or Irish throne. His next younger brother, Prince Edward, had died in 1820 and the next person in line to the throne was Edward`s 11-year-old daughter, Princess Victoria.[1] Therefore, it was necessary to pass legislation to provide for the needs of the United Kingdom government in the event that Victoria became queen while still a minor, or if William had a child under the age of 18. Parliament also decided to clarify the law as to what would happen if William`s wife, Queen Adelaide, gave birth to his child after his death and Victoria had already become queen. While the right to vote was far from universal in the early 20th century, more than 60% of men had the right to vote, compared to 20%, which was the case when Victoria became queen in 1837. The Elections Act of 1872 authorized secret ballots in parliamentary elections, greatly reducing external influences or pressures on voting patterns. At the height of the empire, a quarter of the world`s land area was ruled by Victoria. In 1877, she was proclaimed Empress of India.
By the end of their reign, Australia and Canada were dominions, South Africa would soon become a united nation, and much of Africa, the Far East and Oceania were under British rule. Victoria also exerted a strong, albeit different, influence on Europe. The Queen was linked to almost every ruling house on the continent through her own parents or the marriages of her children, earning her the nickname «Grandmother of Europe.» Victoria died in 1901 at the age of 81, after outviving Albert by 40 years. It came a year after the founding of the French Third Republic, which had provoked anti-monarchist sentiments in Britain. As Edward recovered, the Queen used a carefully orchestrated event to bolster royal support. She held a public thanksgiving service and appeared to the masses on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. It marks the gradual return of the Queen to public life. 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act. According to the Reform Act of 1832, the PLAA was to reduce poverty quotas; It was not intended to help the poor who suffered from the law.
The PLAA replaced the existing laws on the poor and was responsible for establishing workhouses throughout the country. The poor were treated like criminals and people starved to death instead of asking the poor for help, because this meant that they would become inmates of the dreaded «bastilles of the poor law». Craftsmen`s Housing Act 1875: Local authorities were given the power to purchase and demolish slums and replace them with modern, healthy housing. Due to fierce opposition, the powers were permissive rather than mandatory conspiracy and protection of property. This, in turn, legalized peaceful picketing and allowed unions to do whatever individuals could legally do as a group. Unmions could no longer be charged with conspiracy. Public Health Act: This legislation was the work of Richard A Cross. The law detailed what local authorities had to do in the field of public health: With urbanization came the disease: in cramped living spaces, diseases spread like wildfire. At the beginning of Victoria`s reign, medicine remained somewhat rudimentary: the rich were often no better off in the hands of doctors than the poor. The Public Health Act (1848) established a central health agency, and further breakthroughs in the 1850s established dirty water as the cause of cholera as well as the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic. The image of the monarchy was badly damaged when Victoria inherited the throne.
Known for its extravagance, cowardly morals and internal power struggles, the royal family had to change its image. Victoria, 18, proved to be a breath of fresh air: 400,000 people lined the streets of London on the day of her coronation, hoping to catch a glimpse of the new queen. Victoria broke free in 1837 when she turned 18 and ascended the throne. As soon as she became queen, she banished Conroy from her court and ostracized her mother. In 1840, she married her cousin Albert, a German prince. It was true love – she wrote that their wedding night was an «incredible happiness» – and they had nine children. If William left no legitimate children at his death and Victoria became queen, but Adelaide subsequently gave birth to William`s child, the law provided that William`s child would immediately and automatically become monarch and replace Victoria. If that happened, Adelaide would become regent until the new monarch turned 18. Palace intrigues made a miserable childhood. Victoria`s father died when she was still a child, and her ambitious mother allied herself with the intriguing Sir John Conroy, a member of the royal household who seized the opportunity to gain power and influence from the future queen.
He created what became known as the «Kensington System,» an elaborate set of rules that isolated the young princess at Kensington Palace and gave her control over her upbringing and upbringing. Designed to keep Victoria dependent and loyal to Conroy and her mother, the system led to an unhappy childhood and a growing sense of resentment. The new queen tended to be patronage in her politics, preferring «Uncle Melbourne» (her first prime minister) and the Whigs to their Tory rivals. After her marriage in 1840, however, Prince Albert tempered the Queen`s partisanship. His twin offices at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight express both his personal partnership and the important place the Crown still occupied in public life. The Victorian era is measured by the life and reign of Queen Victoria, born on May 24, 1819 and who oversaw a period of splendor and colour unmatched in British history, guided by common sense (mostly) and the stability of her reign. His death in 1901 marked the beginning of a new century and a darker and more uncertain time. So what have been some of the most significant developments at home and abroad during this administration? Learn how Queen Victoria and Prince Albert celebrated their birthdays and what the gifts they exchanged tell us about their private lives. 1849 Repeal of navigation laws. These laws had been introduced in the seventeenth century and stipulated that goods imported into Britain and its colonies were to be transported either in British ships or on ships of the country from which the goods originated.
The laws had been amended in the 1820s, but they were eventually repealed. However, she had three older uncles in the estate in front of her. When her father died at the age of eight months, her chances of becoming queen were good. The princess, known as Victoria, grew up at Kensington Palace. She was raised by her governess, Baroness Lehzen, who taught her languages, arithmetic, drawing and music. Her widowed mother was alone and completely dependent on John Conroy – a servant of her former husband who was in search of power. Together with her husband, Victoria rose to these challenges and worked to strengthen the monarchy`s position in England and across Europe, where there was also a growing aversion to members of the royal family who expected the public to foot the bill for their lavish lifestyle.
